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91.
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The founding fathers of the United States recognized that freely available information and an educated citizenry were essential to the functioning of a representative democracy. But almost as soon as the ink dried on the Constitution, political forces moved, and have continued to move, to restrict the flow of information from the government to the public, as well as among members of the public. This article examines whether information availability has become a victim of the war on terrorism – whether the nation has entered a time in which legal and policy initiatives are creating information gulags – secreting government information and restricting communications among members of the public, including the academic community. This article explores how policy is shaping the information relationship among the government, the public, academia, and the media and whether new models may be appropriate and more beneficial to society. In doing so, we examine in depth not only public access to government information but also the emerging and vital issue of government restrictions on scholarly exchange, as most recently presented by the legal dispute between the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) and the Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC), Department of Treasury, and subsequently the litigation brought by the Association of American University Presses (AAUP).  相似文献   
93.
The Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature has been described as a cultural barometer. It supports scholars of history and culture by providing access to ideas circulated via the mass media in earlier times, but its own coverage and indexing practices also reveal attitudes and values toward issues of the time. The Progressive Era (1900–1924) coincides with the founding and growth of the Readers' Guide. Examining how the Readers' Guide directed readers' attention to matters of sexual and reproductive health in its first quarter century demonstrates changes in social attitudes and has implications for scholarly work. The array of index terms required to locate information on this topic indicates both barriers to information access for contemporary readers as well as challenges for present-day scholars concerned with recovering information of the era.  相似文献   
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从后现代主义的起源、流变及其表现形式来看,后现代主义思潮具有反传统、反理性、多元化、自组织等特征.这种思潮已经波及科学及教育领域,正在并将继续对教育科学的理论及实战产生诸多正面、负面的影响.  相似文献   
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A project to recatalog and reclassify the book collection of the Bowman Gray School of Medicine Library utilizing the Magnetic Tape/Selectric Typwriter system for simultaneous catalog card production and computer stored data acquisition marks the beginning of eventual computerization of all library operations. A keyboard optical display system will be added by late 1970. Major input operations requiring the creation of "hard copy" will continue via the MTST system. Updating, editing and retrieval operations as well as input without hard copy production will be done through the "on-line" keyboard optical display system. Once the library's first data bank, the book catalog, has been established the computer may be consulted directly for library holdings from any optical display terminal throughout the medical center. Three basic information retrieval operations may be carried out through "on-line" optical display terminals. Output options include the reproduction of part or all of a given document, or the generation of statistical data, which are derived from two Acquisition Code lines. The creation of a central bibliographic record of Bowman Gray Faculty publications patterned after the cataloging program is presently under way. The cataloging and computer storage of serial holdings records will begin after completion of the reclassification project. All acquisitions added to the collection since October 1967 are computer-stored and fully retrievable. Reclassification of older titles will be completed in early 1971.  相似文献   
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Achievement goals and perceived motivational climate are two important constructs in achievement goal theory, and they play critical roles in student motivation and behavior Traditionally, these two constructs have been examined separately. The present study examined relationships between the two constructs and students' self-reported mastery behaviors as well as age-related differences. Three hundred eight students in 4th, 8th, and 11th grades completed questionnaires assessing their achievement goals, perceived motivational climate, and perceptions of their mastery behaviors. Results indicated that achievement goals and perceived motivational climate were related to students' self-reported mastery behaviors. However, the relations varied depending on the students' ages. The older students, compared to the younger ones, appeared to be inclined more toward ego orientation and the ego-involved climate. A multiple achievement goals perspective is recommended for future research on relationships among achievement goals, perceived motivational climate and achievement-related cognitions, and behaviors in physical education.  相似文献   
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Book reviews     
Gaining Independence: A Manual for Planning the Launch of a Nonprofit Electronic Publishing Venture, version 1.0 by Howard Goldstein Published by SPARC, available online: http://www.arl.org/sparc/GI Indexers and Indexing in Fact and Fiction edited by Hazel K. Bell The British Library, London, 2001. Pp. 160. Paper, £16. ISBN 0-7123-4729-1 Preservation Management of Digital Materials: A Handbook by Maggie Jones and Neil Beagrie The British Library, Nov. 2001. Pp. 145. Spiral bound, £15.00. ISBN 0 7123 0886 5. Copies can be ordered from Turpin Distribution Services Ltd. Publishing Law, 2nd edn by Hugh Jones and Christopher Benson Routledge, 2002. Cased, £65.00, ISBN 0-415-26153-8; paper, £24.99, ISBN 0-415-26154-6 How to Survive Peer Review by Elizabeth Wager, Fiona Godlee and Tom Jefferson London: BMJ Books, 2002. Pp. v + 62. £12.95. ISBN 0-7279-1686-6  相似文献   
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